MINOS used a solid plastic scintillator watched by phototubes Borexino uses a liquid pseudocumene scintillator also watched by phototubes and the NOνA detector uses a liquid scintillator watched by avalanche photodiodes. Other detectors have consisted of large volumes of chlorine or gallium which are periodically checked for excesses of argon or germanium, respectively, which are created by neutrinos interacting with the original substance. The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is similar, but uses heavy water as the detecting medium. Super Kamiokande is a large volume of water surrounded by phototubes that watch for the Cherenkov radiation emitted when an incoming neutrino creates an electron or muon in the water. Various detection methods have been used. Neutrino observatories will 'give astronomers fresh eyes with which to study the universe'. Another likely source (three standard deviations ) is the blazar TXS 0506+056 about 3.7 billion light years away. The field of neutrino astronomy is still very much in its infancy – the only confirmed extraterrestrial sources as of 2018 are the Sun and the supernova 1987A in the nearby Large Magellanic Cloud. Neutrino detectors are often built underground, to isolate the detector from cosmic rays and other background radiation. Because neutrinos only weakly interact with other particles of matter, neutrino detectors must be very large to detect a significant number of neutrinos.

Physics apparatus which is designed to study neutrinos The inside of the MiniBooNE neutrino detectorĪ neutrino detector is a physics apparatus which is designed to study neutrinos.

Neutrino plus techysuper